Tajweed Rules
Master the rules that govern beautiful Quranic recitation
Noon Sakinah & Tanween نون ساكنة و تنوين
Rules governing the pronunciation of Noon with a Sukoon or any form of Tanween when followed by specific letters.
Clear pronunciation
When Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by one of the six throat letters (ء ه ع ح غ خ), pronounce the noon clearly without any merging or nasalisation.
مَنْ أَعْطَى
whoever gives
Merging
When Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by one of the letters (ي ر م ل و ن), the noon merges into the next letter. Idgham with Ghunnah occurs with (ي ن م و) and without Ghunnah with (ر ل).
مِنْ يَعْمَلْ
whoever does
Conversion
When Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by the letter Ba (ب), the noon sound converts into a Meem (م) with a nasal sound (Ghunnah) held for two counts.
مِنْ بَعْدِ
from after
Hiding
When Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by one of the 15 remaining letters, the noon is hidden — pronounced between Izhar and Idgham with a nasal sound for two counts.
مِنْ قَبْلِ
from before
Meem Sakinah Rules ميم ساكنة
Rules for pronouncing Meem with a Sukoon when followed by different letters.
Labial hiding
When Meem Sakinah is followed by the letter Ba (ب), the meem is hidden with a light nasalisation (Ghunnah) for two counts while keeping the lips slightly together.
تَرْمِيهِمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ
pelting them with stones
Labial merging
When Meem Sakinah is followed by another Meem (م), the two meems merge into one prolonged meem with Ghunnah held for two counts.
لَهُمْ مَا
for them what
Labial clarity
When Meem Sakinah is followed by any letter other than Ba or Meem, pronounce the meem clearly from the lips with no nasalisation or merging.
أَنْعَمْتَ
You have bestowed
Madd (Elongation) Rules أحكام المد
Rules for stretching vowel sounds — the backbone of melodious Quran recitation.
2 counts
The natural elongation of a vowel by two counts. Occurs with Alif after Fathah, Waw after Dammah, or Ya after Kasrah when no Hamzah or Sukoon follows.
قَالَ
he said
4–5 counts
When a Madd letter is followed by a Hamzah in the same word. This is obligatory and must be elongated for 4 to 5 counts.
جَاءَ
he came
4–5 counts
When a Madd letter at the end of one word is followed by a Hamzah at the beginning of the next word. Elongated for 4 to 5 counts.
بِمَا أُنْزِلَ
in what was revealed
6 counts
When a Madd letter is followed by a Shaddah or permanent Sukoon in the same word. Must be elongated for exactly 6 counts. Found in letters at the beginning of some Surahs.
الْحَاقَّةُ
the inevitable reality
2, 4, or 6 counts
When a Madd letter is followed by a letter that becomes Sakin (silent) due to stopping at the end of a verse. May be elongated for 2, 4, or 6 counts.
نَسْتَعِينُ
we seek help
Qalqalah, Heavy & Light Letters قلقلة وصفات الحروف
Additional essential rules including the bouncing sound of Qalqalah, letter thickness, and nasalisation.
Echoing bounce
A slight bouncing or echoing sound produced when one of the five Qalqalah letters (ق ط ب ج د) has a Sukoon. The bounce is stronger at the end of a verse (Qalqalah Kubra) and lighter in the middle (Qalqalah Sughra).
خَلَقَ
He created
Heaviness / Thickness
Seven letters are always pronounced heavy (full-mouth): خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ, remembered by the phrase (خُصَّ ضَغْطٍ قِظ). The tongue rises to the roof of the mouth, producing a thick, deep sound.
صِرَاطَ
the path
Lightness / Thinness
Most Arabic letters are pronounced light (thin) by default. The tongue stays low and does not rise to the palate. Lam and Ra have conditional rules — they can be heavy or light depending on surrounding vowels.
بِسْمِ
in the name of
Nasalisation
A nasal sound that resonates from the nasal passage, held for approximately two counts. It accompanies Noon and Meem when they carry a Shaddah, and also appears in Idgham and Ikhfa rules.
إِنَّ
indeed
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